{"id":4579,"date":"2013-08-12T21:02:02","date_gmt":"2013-08-12T20:02:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.usability-lab.pl\/?p=1565"},"modified":"2020-10-16T14:52:11","modified_gmt":"2020-10-16T12:52:11","slug":"krotka-sentymentalna-historia-gui-graphical-user-interface","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.usability-lab.pl\/pl\/krotka-sentymentalna-historia-gui-graphical-user-interface\/","title":{"rendered":"Kr\u00f3tka, sentymentalna historia GUI (graphical user interface)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Okienka. U\u017cywamy ich codziennie. Pulpit. Foldery. Pliki. Mysz i kursor. Kopiuj, wklej&#8230;<br \/>\nJe\u017celi zastanawiali\u015bcie si\u0119 kiedy\u015b, w kt\u00f3rym systemie pojawi\u0142y si\u0119 te charakterystyczne elementy, z kt\u00f3rych korzystamy do dzisiaj &#8211; rzu\u0107cie okiem, jak reklamowano pierwszy system wyposa\u017cony w <em>GUI (graphical user interface &#8211; graficzny interfejs u\u017cytkownika)<\/em>.<br \/>\n<!--more--><br \/>\nEEE nie, to nie by\u0142 Mac. <strong>Przed Wami Xerox Star 1981:<\/strong><br \/>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/Cn4vC80Pv6Q?rel=0\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Na YT znajdziecie te\u017c druga cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 nagrania, je\u017celi spodoba\u0142y Wam si\u0119 eleganckie, minimalistyczne, czarno-bia\u0142e ikony.<\/p>\n<p>To w\u0142a\u015bnie Xerox pierwszy wpad\u0142 na to, \u017ceby zamiast okienka z wierszem polece\u0144 (command line) umo\u017cliwi\u0107 nam korzystanie z komputera z wykorzystaniem metafory biurka, segregator\u00f3w i kartek.<\/p>\n<p>Pomimo ca\u0142ej sympatii i szacunku do zespo\u0142u, kt\u00f3ry stworzy\u0142 pierwszy komputer z graficznym interfejsem u\u017cytkownika, kt\u00f3ry tak dobrze znamy, nie da si\u0119 ukry\u0107, \u017ce w zespole zabrak\u0142o dobrego marketingowca. Gdyby tylko Steve Jobs&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>No w\u0142a\u015bnie. Tak si\u0119 sk\u0142ada, \u017ce Xerox zaprosi\u0142 Jobsa na prezentacj\u0119 kilku system\u00f3w do PARC &#8211; swojego\u00a0 centrum badawczo-rozwojowego. Nie wiem, czy do dzisiaj tego \u017ca\u0142uj\u0105, jako \u017ce metafory desktopu po prostu nie uda\u0142o im si\u0119 na czas opatentowa\u0107&#8230; Pos\u0142uchajcie, jak w tym wideo (opublikowanym na youtube pod wymownym tytu\u0142em) Jobs opowiada z zachwytem o tym, co wtedy zobaczy\u0142, i jakie to wywar\u0142o na nim wra\u017cenie:<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/nHaTRWRj8G0\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><strong>Najwyra\u017aniej nie k\u0142ama\u0142, bo interfejs Xeroxa mia\u0142 znacz\u0105cy wp\u0142yw na wygl\u0105d Apple Lisa 1&#8230;<\/strong> Je\u015bli nie by\u0142 po prostu jego protoplast\u0105. Ale skoro jeste\u015bmy w latach 80-tych, nie mog\u0119 sobie odm\u00f3wi\u0107 odrobiny przyjemno\u015bci. Infomercial na miar\u0119 swojej epoki (ech,\u00a0 te fryzury&#8230;)<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/g6u_ESOUjGA\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Poniewa\u017c to lata 80-te, jeszcze jeste\u015bmy przed epok\u0105 czarnego golfa i d\u017cins\u00f3w. Ale ju\u017c wtedy Jobs wiedzia\u0142, jak przygotowywa\u0107 prezentacje, po kt\u00f3rych b\u0119dzie owacja na stoj\u0105co. I dobrze t\u0119 wiedz\u0119 wykorzysta\u0142:<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ISoWKxKyWhQ\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Nie da si\u0119 ukry\u0107, \u017ce Jobsowi do\u015b\u0107 dobrze pomog\u0142a w budowaniu napi\u0119cia emisja reklamy wyre\u017cyserowanej przez Ridleya Scotta, inspirowanej scenariuszem Orwellowskiego &#8222;Roku 1984&#8221;, wyemitowana za gigantyczne pieni\u0105dze podczas Super Bowl:<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/2zfqw8nhUwA\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Apple nie by\u0142o jednak ani pierwsze, ani jedyne. Opr\u00f3cz nich na polu walki ju\u017c wtedy by\u0142 tak\u017ce Microsoft &#8211; odwieczny rywal z Redmond, reprezentowany przez (wtedy jeszcze posiadaj\u0105cego resztki w\u0142os\u00f3w) drugiego &#8211; nomen omen &#8211; Steve&#8217;a &#8211; Steve&#8217;a Ballmera. <strong>Microsoft z systemem Windows.. 1.0:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>I cho\u0107 GUI pierwszych &#8222;okienek&#8221; ledwo wystaje spod hipnotyzuj\u0105cej kratki marynarki Ballmera, nie spos\u00f3b oprze\u0107 si\u0119 wra\u017ceniu, \u017ce tak samo jak Apple&#8217;owskie, sk\u0105d\u015b zosta\u0142o &#8222;zapo\u017cyczone&#8221;:<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/sforhbLiwLA?rel=0\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Prace nad graficznym interfejsem u\u017cytkownika, kt\u00f3ry reagowa\u0142by na tzw. manipulacje bezpo\u015brednie &#8211; np. ruch r\u0119ki u\u017cytkownika &#8211; przenosz\u0105c go na sterowanie systemem &#8211; zacz\u0119to jednak znacznie wcze\u015bniej ni\u017c w 1981 roku, od kt\u00f3rego zacz\u0105\u0142em ten wpis.<\/p>\n<p>Aby zrozumie\u0107 bogate i zr\u00f3\u017cnicowane dziedzictwo i pochodzenie GUI, z jakich korzystamy dzisiaj, warto rzuci\u0107 okiem na pierwsze systemy sterowania wywodz\u0105ce si\u0119 z CAD (Computer Aided Design), takie jak zaprojektowany przez Ivana Sutherlanda na MIT\u00a0 w 1963 roku, czyli r\u00f3wno 50 lat temu <strong>Sketchpad, A Man-Machine Graphical Communication System<\/strong>, jeden z pierwszych system\u00f3w klasy HCI (human-computer interaction):<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/6orsmFndx_o\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Na koniec &#8211; co\u015b na deser.<br \/>\nOficjalnie, ze wzgl\u0119du na cen\u0119, za pierwszy tzw. komputer osobisty (PC) uznaje si\u0119 dzisiaj Kenbak-1, kt\u00f3ry w 1971 roku kosztowa\u0142 750$. Napisa\u0142em, \u017ce ze wzgl\u0119du na cen\u0119, bo funkcjonalno\u015b\u0107 i ergonomia interfejsu opartego o prze\u0142\u0105czniki oraz diody sygnalizuj\u0105ce stany logiczne urz\u0105dzenia by\u0142a na zupe\u0142nie innym poziomie. Zreszt\u0105, zobaczcie sami, jak wygl\u0105da\u0142 ten komputer i co <span style=\"color: #007fac;\"><a style=\"color: #007fac;\" title=\"Kenbak-1 , pierwszy komputer osobisty\" href=\"http:\/\/www.kenbak-1.net\/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">pisze o Kenbaku jego tw\u00f3rca, John Blankenbaker na po\u015bwi\u0119conej mu stronie<\/a><\/span> (link otwiera nowe okno przegl\u0105darki).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Okienka. U\u017cywamy ich codziennie. Pulpit. Foldery. Pliki. Mysz i kursor. Kopiuj, wklej&#8230; Je\u017celi zastanawiali\u015bcie si\u0119&#8230; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.usability-lab.pl\/pl\/krotka-sentymentalna-historia-gui-graphical-user-interface\/\" class=\"btn-excerpt more-link\" title=\"Kr\u00f3tka, sentymentalna historia GUI (graphical user interface)\">Wi\u0119cej<span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":4359,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[154],"tags":[161],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v16.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Kr\u00f3tka, sentymentalna historia GUI - graphical user interface - Usability LAB &#x1F947; Projektujemy rozwi\u0105zania dla biznesu w duchu user experience i z wykorzystaniem najnowszych technologii.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.usability-lab.pl\/pl\/krotka-sentymentalna-historia-gui-graphical-user-interface\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kr\u00f3tka, sentymentalna historia GUI - graphical user interface - Usability LAB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Kr\u00f3tka, sentymentalna historia GUI - graphical user interface - Usability LAB &#x1F947; Projektujemy rozwi\u0105zania dla biznesu w duchu user experience i z wykorzystaniem najnowszych technologii.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.usability-lab.pl\/pl\/krotka-sentymentalna-historia-gui-graphical-user-interface\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"UX Design, Service Design, Product Design, Badania UX - Usability LAB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2013-08-12T20:02:02+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-10-16T12:52:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.usability-lab.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sketchpad.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"524\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"378\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Napisane przez\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Jacek Popko\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Szacowany czas czytania\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minuty\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.usability-lab.pl\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.usability-lab.pl\/\",\"name\":\"UX Design, Service Design, Product Design, Badania UX - Usability LAB\",\"description\":\"Jeste\\u015bmy agencj\\u0105 UX\/Service Design. 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